Paharpur Buddhist
Paharpur Buddhist or somapura somapura mahabihara now in ruins of an ancient Buddhist monastery or convent. Towards the end of the eighth century King Sri dharmapaladeba palabansera second or ninth century convent was made .1879 Sir Cunningham discovered this huge celebrity. World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 1985, the. Paharapurake can be called the world's largest monasteries. May be compared with the size of the Nalanda. For 300 years it was a Akhra of Buddhist most famous religious practices. Not just from across the subcontinent, China, Tibet, Myanmar (former Burma), Malaysia, Indonesia, and the country's Buddhist practices and came to acquire spiritual knowledge. By the tenth century, the monastery were Acharya Shrigyan Atish Dipankar.
Location and Size
Pundranagara Pundravardhana capital (current Mahasthan) and other cities kotibarsa (current Bangarh) was located in the middle of the Mahavihara somapura. The ruins of the district in the country is located in the village of Paharpur in Naogaon district badalgachhi. The other hand, the distance from the railway station to the west jamalganj joypurhat district just 5 km. The geographical position of 5 ° 0'north to 5 ° 15' north latitude and 88 ° 50' east of longitude 89 ° 10' east. In the village of about 0.10 square kilometers (10 hectares) is located across the region, the antiquities. This rectangle-shaped ground plan of archaeological sign. [1] It is located in the flood plains of the north, the low areas Varendra plaistosina era included. The presence of iron in the ground due to the reddish soil. However, most of the soil at the bottom sediments are covered. Doing up the hill at about 30.30 meters from the surrounding plains, as well as facilities like it is the last. The local people called it Gopal leopard mountain "was called. Since then the name of the Paharpur, the actual name of the somapura Bihar.
Discovery interface
Somapura Mahavihara, Bangladesh.
Somapura monastery faction picture.
Somapura mahabihara compound structure.
After the arrival of the British in India, they all started to run the survey. East India Buchanan Hamilton, who conducted the survey between 1812 to 1807, no one visited at Paharpur. This was the first archaeological visits Paharpur. He visited the site oyestamyakata. They returned home with a description of their experience, newspapers said. Tracing the historical sites visited in 1879, Sir Alexander Cunningham. After inspection of the land in the interest of mine said. But the owner of the land was tied Balihar then landed him in this task. So he's a little part of the convent and the relics of the mound excavations continued at the summit a little relieved. These excavations have risen around the central part of the mound was discovered, leading to a square building, which was the merchant's feet in length. [Ii] Finally, under the law of the place in 1904, the archaeological relics in 1919, is declared as protected.
History and background
Came in the middle of the 7th century, and its details hiuen tsam Pundravardhana somapurera Bihar and there is no mention of the temple. Gopal son Dharmapala (781 - 822 AD) ascended the throne and ruled for a long time and state Bengali Bihar exceeds Pakistan - Gandhara extended western border. Many devout Buddhist, and he was the emperor Dharmapala founded Vikramshila and somapura Bihar. According to another, the famous Tibetan history "paga Psalm zone Zhang," the son of the author of the highly visibly Devapala Dharmapala (810-850) built the monastery and high house by the somapure mentioned. Somapura Nalanda monastery monks, Buddhist pilgrimage site of Bodh Gaya, and the Indian gems donated money and riches, which have been referred to in the script of the 10th - 11th century indication samrddhasila conditions. Until the 9th century, under the patronage of the Palas of Bihar somapura agrapura (Rajshahi agradiguna) usmapura, gotapura, etapura and lumbering (Rajshahi Jagdal) is mentioned in Bihar. Gujarat is the first meal of the late 9th century king Mahendra Pal, Pala Empire was particularly affected. After the end of the 10th century, Pala dynasty King Mohipala (995 - 1043), the Empire was restored and repaired somapura Bihar. But after the death of the Pala dynasty nayapalera Mahipal and his son began to decline. In the meantime, central cediraja hearing colaraja Rajendra and dibbo kaibarta feudal lord named after a Native Barind attack. Probably refers to the destruction of temples and monasteries of Nalanda Paharpur attacks. 11th century Pala dynasty was restored hrtarajya Rampal. From 1 century Deccan Carnatic Bengali took Sen kings. Somapura royal patronage to them loses. During the last somapurera decline. At the beginning of the 13th century ikhatiyarauddina Muhammad - bin - Bakhtiar Khilji invaded Bengal took almost uttarabangai. Perhaps this is due to the attitude of the Muslim rulers murtibirodhi Buddhist monasteries and temples of this was completely destroyed.
Archaeological Dig
Paharpur khananakaryake can be divided into two groups. Firstly, at the sbadhinatapurbakalina the British era, and secondly, the post-independence period in the eighties. In 1879, Cunningham took the initiative. But in opposing the central mound summit Balihar mansion to stop him is to dig. Fibred grow around the excavation of approximately 7 cm high, was discovered in a room. Of the University of Calcutta in 1923 after a long time, Varendra Research Council and the joint efforts of the Archaeological Survey of India and landed family members Dighapatia Sponsored Sharat Kumar Roy was re-excavated. South-western part of the site this year, led by historian diarabhandarakarera managed to dig and complex part of the north-south-paced series of rooms are available. Banerjee Rakhaldas drilled in 1925-6 in response to the central mound, the main staircase, to decorate the walls and terracotta phalakacitra encompass pathasaha mandapa or hall was discovered in the north. This is the first time the concept of the Bihar bhumiparikalpana and deyalacitrana available. 193132 jisicandra Bihar in 1930-31 and the southwestern corner of the courtyard adjacent to the excavation. Archaeological Survey of India in 1933-34 under kasinatha Dixit re-drilled. The remaining part of the monastery and temple and temple ruins they found stupasaha Satyapirer bhitaya set. After World War II Rafique Mughal deep excavations conducted in some cells of the arm.
Independence of Bangladesh in 1981-83 at the Department of Archaeology 'Dixit discovered new information and previously derived cells haoyara sure about the second phase of the signs started to dig. Re-excavation was conducted in 1987-89, and the excavation of the convent yard unnecessary rubbish piled up in the orderly removal of soil drainage system to make sure it is out of water logging and salinity decreases of Bihar.
Real architectural signs
Convent
Land-planning catuskonakara Buddhist shrine. Whose north and south and east and west, whose every 2737 m 27415 m. Sides of the border width of the walls. Along the interior walls of the small room was part of the border line. The north arm and the other three sides of the arm 45 has 44 rooms. The rooms on three floors have been discovered. Each floor of the brick thick carpeting suraki were made with a highly durable. 9 of the last period on the floor rooms of different sizes are altar. Can be inferred from the fact that, as used in the first period, but subsequently all kaksai abasakaksa monks were some rooms prarthanakakse transform.
Each of the rooms have doors. The inner side of the doors are wide but thin on the outside. No cell niche is available. Several rooms on the floor of the niche products of daily use are available. 426 m in length and 4.11 m width of the inner side of the rooms. The rear wall of the boundary walls of the cell walls of 4.87 m and 244 m wide at the front. .5 M wide stretch of rooms have balconies. The inner side of the open space of the steps associated with each arm.
Along the middle of the north side of the main gate of the monastery. The outer and inner side of the pillars of the hall, and there is a small hole. This kuthurigulo used for various purposes. Bihar, north-east corner of the main entrance and the entrance was a small mid-position. From here, the ladder was used to enter the premises of the inner exposed remains today. North, south and west of the stairs, there was a similar arm. At the western side of the stairs, there are signs. At the entrance of the north side until 1984, there was a pond. According to information obtained during the 1984-85 excavations during the construction period in the ponds and in the meantime, the rest of the stairs were destroyed. The pond is filled.
Central Temple
The place is in the middle of the open space of the monastery ruins of the temple. Now it's 1 m high and 30 m high, but at least it was the main temple. Three decreasing step up the land in a cruciform plan. Each krusabahura LW 108.3 m and 95,45 m. Between Kush add some additional wall diagonally. Fire doors and windows in the Akhra of the original plan to have a hollow square compartment. This compartment extends the slope. Mainly in the vast empty cell in the Akhra of the structure is built. The second step in the cells around the temple has been constructed in four rooms and mandapa. As a result, the temple has become a cruciform. House plans are the way to orbit parallel to the walls of the enclosure. The first step of the second phase of the orbit around the ground on the walls of the rooms by adding four cruciform features to preserve and build on the path parallel to the orbit. The first phase of the baseline parallel to the east, west and south of the walls were made. Madhyabartisthale north staircase. Later on down the stairs is to build some new structures.
Central void cells have been discovered on the floor of a brick-kick. The floor around the room and out of the room mandapa abastathita approximately the same plane. But no way to go around the room or rooms in the central door before and had not found any evidence that has been closed after. Hall of statues kulungi altar or nothing. So what is supposed to swell the ranks of the bar was an instrument for the construction of solid walls. The statues were placed kaksagulote probably around. There is no sign of the vertical and therefore can not be said for some of the roof of the obvious.
Bare walls, but each step of the exterior walls of the empty hall forth cornices, ornamental bricks and terracotta align phalakacitra decorated. Cruciform plan, the extended parts of the drainage canal system connecting the edge of cornice. Built of stone in the shape of the mouth of the lion growling face nalagulora created. 63 bahirdese baseline wall niche. Each of which was a stone sculptures.
Open courtyard
Bihar between the public arena, some buildings are in ruins. Several features of these structures could be detected. Hall dining room and kitchen are located in the south-east. 46 m long brick paved between the two setups to a sewer and a row of three wells. There are also offered in bulk, administrative buildings, etc. portrait of the temple. Located in the southeast corner of the pile heaps offer of 16 star-shaped. Installed on a platform in the middle of the soft pile adjacent wells in a seasoned place. Other paid heaps created so. Northeast premises licenses were probably used for administrative and other.
Bathroom and toilet
It is located outside the monastery structure
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